Davy Crockett
Davy Crockett was a frontiersman, folk hero and three-time Congressman. He fought in the War of 1812 and died at the Alamo in the Texas Revolution.
Who Was Davy Crockett?
Davy Crockett was born in 1786 in Tennessee. In 1813, he participated in a massacre against the Creek Indians at Tallushatchee and later earned a seat in the 21st U.S. Congress. He was re-elected to Congress twice before leaving politics to fight in the Texas Revolution. On March 6, 1836, Crockett was killed at the Battle of the Alamo in San Antonio, though the exact circumstances of his death have been the subject of debate.
Background and Early Life
Davy Crockett was born as David Crockett on August 17, 1786, in Greene County, Tennessee. He was the fifth of nine children born to parents John and Rebecca (Hawkins) Crockett.
Crockett's father taught him to shoot a rifle when he was just 8 years old. As a youngster, he eagerly accompanied his older brothers on hunting trips. But, when he turned 13, his father insisted that he enroll in school. After only a few days of attendance, Crockett fought the class bully and was afraid to go back lest he face punishment or revenge. Instead, he ran away from home and spent more than two years wandering while honing his skills as a woodsman.
Just before he turned 16, Crockett went home and helped work off his father's debt to a man named John Canady. After the debt was paid, he continued working for Canady. At just a day shy of 20, Crockett married Mary Finley. The two would have two sons and a daughter before Mary died. Crockett then wed Elizabeth Patton, with the couple having two children.
War of 1812
In 1813, after the War of 1812 broke out, Crockett signed up to be a scout in the militia under Major John Gibson. Stationed in Winchester, Tennessee, Crockett joined a mission to seek revenge for the Creek Indians' earlier attack on Fort Mims, Alabama. In November of that year, the militia massacred the Indians' town of Tallushatchee, Alabama.
When Crockett's enlistment period for the Creek Indian War was up, he re-enlisted, this time as a third sergeant under Captain John Cowan. Crockett was discharged as a fourth sergeant in 1815 and went home to his family in Tennessee.
Congressman Crockett
Having returned home, Crockett became a member of the Tennessee State House of Representatives from 1821 to 1823. In 1825, he ran for the 19th U.S. Congress, but lost.
Running as a supporter of Andrew Jackson in 1826, Crockett earned a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. In March of 1829, he changed his political stance to anti-Jacksonian and was reelected to the 21st Congress, though he failed to garner a seat in the 22nd Congress. He was, however, elected to the 23rd Congress in 1833.
Crockett's stint in Congress concluded in 1835, after his run for reelection to the 24th Congress ended in defeat.
Frontiersman and Folk Legend
During his political career, Crockett developed a reputation as a frontiersman that, while at times exaggerated, elevated him to folk legend status. While Crockett was indeed a skilled woodsman, his fame as a Herculean, rebellious, sharpshooting, tale-spinning and larger-than-life woodsman was at least partially a product of his efforts to package himself and win votes during his political campaigns.
The strategy proved largely effective; his renown helped him defeat the incumbent candidate in his 1833 bid for reelection to Congress.
Death at the Alamo and Controversy
After Crockett lost the 1835 congressional election, he grew disillusioned with politics and decided to join the fight in the Texas Revolution. On March 6, 1836, he was believed to be killed at the Battle of the Alamo in San Antonio, Texas.
In a 1975 English translation, the memoirs of a Mexican officer named José Enrique de la Peña stated that Crockett and his comrades at arms were executed, though they "died without complaining and without humiliating themselves before their torturers."
Yet questions over the memoir, which was first published in 1955, have risen over the years, with some scholars disagreeing over the veracity of the account of Crockett's death. Thus the exact circumstances of his demise at the Alamo remain the subject of debate.
Media Depictions
Crockett has enjoyed ongoing depictions in various media forms over the decades. He was the subject of various books and almanacs along with a play during the 19th century.
He later entered the popular imagination of the 20th century due to a 1916 movie and the 1950s Walt Disney TV series Disneyland, featuring actor Fess Parker as Crockett in a number of episodes. The show and accompanying big-screen film cemented the frontiersman as an icon for many children, also inspiring a merchandising bonanza while creating new sets of fictions for historians to contend with. Crockett received more screen time via John Wayne's portrayal in the 1960 film The Alamo.
